休梅克绿地是一处新近落成，占地2.75英亩的公共绿地，位于宾夕法尼亚大学历史上著名田径运动场中心区。该项目将校园中一片未得到充分利用的荒废角落改造成了一块高效多功能的绿地，在这里，人与自然、历史与当代和谐完美的融会到一起。在该绿地竣工之后，其设计的生态复杂性和整体分析彰显无遗：美丽动人，心旷神怡的校园空间。
shoemaker green is a new, 2.75-acre public green at the heart of the university of pennsylvania’s historic athletics precinct. the project has transformed an underused and under-appreciated corner of the campus into a harmonious merger of people and place, of history and emergence, and of function with high performance. the ecological sophistication and holistic approach to site design is evident in the final form of the work: a profoundly beautiful and fitting campus space.
弹性灵活的开放空间 resilient open space
休梅克绿地横贯校园中央，可给人们提供灵活的多功能的聚集空间：可供人们能在此休闲和用作户外教学场地，也可在此举办大型活动，比如：户外音乐会、毕业典礼及宾州接力赛等国际性比赛shoemaker green provides flexible gathering spaces throughout the site and accommodates a multitude of uses, from passive use and outdoor classrooms, to larger events, such as outdoor concerts, graduation, and international events, like the penn relays.
项目简介introduction
休梅克绿地总共占地2.75英亩，紧靠第33街东面，位于沃尔纳特街与斯普鲁斯两条街道之间。该项目将荒废已久的网球场和几条狭窄的通道以及具有历史意义的战争纪念碑景点组成的场地改造为费城西部地区的公共绿化空间设施。该设计借鉴了宾夕法尼亚大学传统校园绿地的特点，营造出一种似曾相识的视觉，同时将紧邻的各建筑入口、人行道、路缘石和陡峭斜坡阶梯进行了整合。整块绿地是宾夕法尼亚大学东西方向主体步行系统的重要组成部分，它将校园中心区与田径运动场连接起来，同时也是宾夕法尼亚大学校区向东扩建的重点区域。在该场地的边缘是宾夕法尼亚大学最具标志性的体育设施：菲尔德豪斯体育场和富兰克林运动场，休梅克绿地成为了这两大历史性建筑设施的前庭空间。该项目为可持续性校园设计树立了标杆，同时获得了可持续场地倡议组织的二星荣誉。
shoemaker green is a 2.75-acre site located immediately east of 33rd street between walnut and spruce streets. the project transformed an existing site with aging tennis courts, narrow pathways, and obstructed views of a historic war memorial into a cherished public amenity for west philadelphia. the design draws on the character of penn’s college green to create a familiar feel while seamlessly integrating adjacent building entrances, pathways, curbs, and steps across a steeply sloping site. the completed green is a vital component of the university of pennsylvania’s primary east-west pedestrian system, connecting the central campus to the athletics precinct, and serving as the focal point of penn’s eastward expansion. the site is bordered by the university’s most iconic athletic facilities, the palestra fieldhouse and franklin field, and serves as the “front yard” to these historic structures. the project sets a benchmark for sustainable campus design, earning two-stars from the sustainable sites initiative (sites).
该绿地由中央半圆形草坪和一个大型雨水花园组成，其边缘是由精细石材修筑而成的挡土墙和几条雅致曲折的人行道所环绕。通过对宾夕法尼亚大学传统景观材料及设计方法的延用，这块绿地自然地融入到原有校园环境系统中，使之具有现代感，并且实现了有效扩展。大型多层花岗岩坐墙为绿地提供了坐歇设施，绿地上种植着几株刺槐树，为在此休息的人们平添了几分舒适与惬意。其间摆放地咖啡桌椅和具有宾夕法尼亚大学校园特色休闲长椅，为人们提供了一个灵活的多功能公共聚集空间。高效节能的照明设计为休梅克绿地的夜间安全提供了保障，在这些柔和灯光的照射下，校园中的历史建筑别有一番韵味，提升了整个绿地空间的文化及历史内含。
the green is organized around a central, semicircular lawn and a large rain garden, bordered by precisely-detailed stone retaining walls and elegantly-graded pathways. the green integrates with and extends the existing campus circulation system by utilizing the university’s landscape standard materials and treatments, but with a modern sensibility. seating is provided by large, multi-leveled granite seat walls, welcoming visitors with comfortable black locust wood insets. café tables and chairs, as well as free-standing benches typical of the penn campus, offer flexible gathering spaces throughout the site. high-efficiency lighting provides safety at night, while heightening the sense of place by beautifully illuminating the historic architecture.
场地分析site analysis
在项目设计之初，设计师们便对项目场地状况进行了深入地评估，以对整个场地空间的历史背景、环境现状、生态结构以及功能性做出系统的了解。场地的设计对绿地使用者需求与喜好非常在意，以宾夕法尼亚人长期以来对于自然的欣赏和他们的需求及偏好为出发点。因而，一个由宾夕法尼亚大学代表、费城相关机构代表和设计团队代表组成的多方利益团体应运而生，对整个项目设计过程进行严格监督和审查，最终形成了全面完美的设计方案。
the design of shoemaker green began with an in-depth site assessment to methodically review and understand the space’s history, context, ecological structure, and functional capacity. the design was sensitive to the needs and requirements of site users, born of a long appreciation of the nature of penn’s population and their needs and preferences over the hours and seasons that the green would be occupied. a perse stakeholder group, including representatives from within the university, philadelphia agencies, and the design community, refined the final design through a rigorous design review process.
场地规划site program
休梅克绿地主要是迎合休闲娱乐需求，并能够同时容纳多种校园活动的举办。作为校园田径运动场核心区的全新开放公共空间，休梅克绿地还需具备诸多前所未有的综合性功用。绿地空间投入使用后，可支持各种规模的活动的举办，包括一些重大的校内活动，比如：毕业典礼、大型集会以及宾州接力赛等国际性比赛，同时也可作为户外课堂、播放夜晚露天电影、举办音乐会和展览会等。
shoemaker green caters to a program of mainly passive recreation, but the site can adapt to accommodate events and activities at multiple scales. this park has met the demand for new open space in the historic athletics precinct to host a myriad of uses, many of which had not previously existed on campus. the green now graciously supports a wide range of different-sized events, including large, key campus moments such as graduation and convocation, international events like the penn relays, and new programming such as outdoor classrooms, movie nights, concerts, and fair.
过渡空间transitional space
在斯库基尔河沿岸宾夕法尼亚大学校园区域连接总体规划中，休梅克绿地成为了校园中央古老建筑结构与更为现代的新型时尚开放空间之间的一个过渡。该绿地继续秉承原有的刺槐/史密斯步行道的设计特点，并同时吸纳了宾夕法尼亚大学传统的校园绿化景观元素，同时融入了新的设计元素，这些都反映了可持续发展及生态景观设计的重要性。
shoemaker green provides a transition from the historic fabric at the core of campus to the more contemporary new open space developments of the pennconnects master plan along the schuylkill river. the green continues the locust walk/smith walk corridor, referencing landscape elements of penn’s historic college green while introducing new design elements that reflect the importance of sustainability and ecologically sensitive landscape design.
系统化的设计思路systems-based thinking
休梅克绿地创造了一个多功能的校园景观空间，它不仅提供了良好的生态系统服务功能，而且还满足了宾夕法尼亚大学提出的相关计划要求。该绿地的功能化运行如同人的肾脏，通过一个综合性景观系统，收集了整个场地95%的雨水量，对雨水进行传送、过滤及存储，之后可以用于灌溉。其余的水源需求则依靠毗邻建筑的屋顶雨水径流及空调冷凝水。
shoemaker green has created a functional landscape that provides eco-system services in addition to satisfying the programmatic requirements set forth by the university. the site functions much like a kidney capturing ninety-five percent of the site’s rainwater through an integrated landscape system that includes the conveyance, filtering, and storage of stormwater for reuse as irrigation. additional water is provided from roof runoff and air conditioning condensate from the adjacent buildings.
休梅克绿地的设计源于一种系统化的设计思路，即将自然生态系统（土壤、植物、昆虫、鸟类和人类）与人工营造的系统（建筑构件和基础设施）整合成为一个功能性的整体。该设计采取双管齐下的有效方法来管理场地内的雨水。其首要策略就是将雨水径流传送至一个包含经过设计的土壤层和多种原生植物的大型双层雨水花园中，目的是对大量的雨水进行治理、过滤、蓄存，然后最终排出用于灌溉；另一个方法就是从该场地及相邻建筑中收集雨水径流和空调冷凝水，并将其释放到主体绿地下方的土壤层中。
the design of shoemaker green stems from a systems-based thinking that integrates natural systems (soils, plants, insects, birds and human beings) with man-made systems (building components and infrastructure) to function as a whole. the design has a two-pronged approach to manage the site’s stormwater. the first strategy is to convey stormwater runoff to a large, two-tiered rain garden that contains designed soils and native plant species to manage, filter, store, and transpire a significant amount of stormwater. a second approach is to collect stormwater runoff from the site, as well as runoff from the roof and condensate from adjacent buildings, and release the water into the soil under the main green.
这些水源在经过土壤层时被有效过滤，然后渗入到绿地以下几英尺深的大型蓄水台中。原有网球场中的很大一部分得以留存，并置于现有绿地下方，以支持地下循环蓄水台的运转。没有流经土壤层和原生植物的多余水资源经由地下排水系统采集，之后被传送到另一个大型蓄水池中进行蓄存，并得以循环再利用。一旦整个系统处于满负荷运作状态，则大量雨水将溢流入原有的市政下水道设施中，以避免严重积水。
this water is cleaned while percolating through the designed soils as it makes its way to a large storage bed several feet below the green. a large portion of the existing tennis courts were left in-place under the main green to support a recycled aggregate storage bed. any excess water that is not taken up by the soils and plants is captured in this bed through an underdrainage system and conveyed to a large cistern and stored for reuse. once the entire system reaches full capacity, very large storms overflow to the existing municipal sewer line preventing flooding.
在施工过程中，所有之前用过的材料都得以充分回收或升级再造。通过培训项目承包商们了解了安装非传统雨水基础设施的相应方法；确切地说，他们是了解了雨水处理设施与土壤及植栽材料协同作用的重要性。具体的施工协调和测序对于该项目成功施行是十分重要的。费城水利部门和可持续场地倡议组织都对该项目进行了严格检测，并要求对项目文档进行详尽编制。
during construction, all existing materials were recycled or upcycled. contractors were educated about installing non-traditional stormwater infrastructure; specifically, the importance of working with soils and plant material. detailed coordination of construction activities and sequencing was paramount to the importance of the successful implementation of this project. stringent testing and documentation were required by both the philadelphia water department and sites.
场地监测site monitoring
休梅克绿地已成为罕见的绿色基础设施典范，究其原因，它是一个经过严格检测的高效能景观项目，可以将水源进行回收、过滤，并有效地将清洁的水资源重新回流到环境中。一份历时五年的监测规划的制定，最终使得景观建筑师、宾夕法尼亚大学教职员工及学生，以及广大公众都有机会共同参与到这一真正意义上的“生态景观系统”中去。
shoemaker green has become what green infrastructure seldom is: a monitored, high-performance landscape that captures, filters, and effectively delivers clean water back to the environment. a five-year monitoring plan has been developed to allow landscape architects, university of pennsylvania faculty, students and staff, and the general public to interact with a truly “living system.”
该项目的景观设计师们与宾夕法尼亚大学教职员工及学生代表共同对以下几个方面做了积极而深入的监测——项目场地进出雨水的数量和质量；对项目系统程式化运作起到支持性作用的土壤的生物性质、多样性、演变过程、碳稳固性、养分循环以及土质本身；植栽材料的健康状况（即生长与根部发育状况）及其对土壤水分的蒸散量；灌溉水源获取及再利用系统的运行性能及效率；人们对该绿地使用频率的跟踪监测；生态关联性和人们对于绿地景观的感知与体验——从而将促成宾夕法尼亚大学关于绿化环境维系方面的长久性校规的出台。对于项目场地性能的精心设计与持续性监测将有助于未来大学校园的...